The dynamics of a three-wheeled narrow-track tilting vehicle

Reference:

Berote, J., Van Poelgeest, A., Darling, J., Edge, K. A. and Plummer, A., 2008. The dynamics of a three-wheeled narrow-track tilting vehicle. In: FISITA World Automotive Congress 2008, 2008-09-14 - 2008-09-19, Munich.

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Official URL:

http://www.icee-con.org/papers/2008/pdf/O-050.pdf

Related URLs:

• http://www.icee-con.org/papers/2008/pdf/O-050.pdf

Abstract

Three-wheeled tilting vehicles have many potential advantages. They combine the comfort and safety of a car with the fuel economy, size and manoeuvrability of a motorcycle. One major challenge is to fully understand and account for the unusual dynamics of this type of vehicle. This paper sets out the equations of motion for a vehicle with single front and twin rear wheels and compares them with those of a car and a motorcycle. The mathematical model shows that it is necessary to introduce a tilt-dependent rear wheel steer term to obtain balanced handling characteristics. A vehicle with a hydraulically actuated tilting system is considered as a case study. As the tilt actuators act against the non-tilting engine module, this has significant effects on the cornering dynamics. Finally, the difference between the lateral acceleration and the hydraulic response time is shown to be a key issue.

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