One-step growth of 3-5 nm diameter palladium electrocatalyst in a carbon nanoparticle-chitosan host and characterization for formic acid oxidation

Reference:

Cheng, N., Webster, R. A., Pan, M., Mu, S., Rassaei, L., Tsang, S. C. and Marken, F., 2010. One-step growth of 3-5 nm diameter palladium electrocatalyst in a carbon nanoparticle-chitosan host and characterization for formic acid oxidation. Electrochimica Acta, 55 (22), pp. 6601-6610.

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Official URL:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.014

Abstract

The electrochemical formation of a palladium nanoparticle catalyst composite material has been investigated. A carbon nanoparticle-chitosan host film deposited onto a carbon substrate electrode has been employed to immobilize PdCl2 as catalyst precursor. A one-step electrochemical reduction process gave Pd nanoparticles within the chitosan matrix with different levels of loading, on different carbon substrates, and with a reproducible catalyst particle diameter of ca. 3-5 nm. High activity for formic acid oxidation has been observed in aqueous phosphate buffer medium. The oxidation of formic acid has been investigated as a function of pH and maximum catalyst activity was observed at pH 6. When varying the formic acid concentration, limiting behaviour consistent with a "resistance effect" has been observed. A flow cell system based on a screen-printed carbon electrode has been employed to establish the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the formic acid oxidation. Both increasing the convective-diffusion mass transport rate and increasing the concentration of formic acid caused the oxidation peak current to converge towards the same "resistance limit". A mechanistic model to explain the resistance effect based on CO2 flux and localized CO2 gas bubble formation at the Pd nanoparticle modified carbon nanoparticle- chitosan host film has been proposed.

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