Rocking disc electro-deposition of CuIn alloys, selenisation, and pinhole effect minimisation in CISe solar absorber layers

Reference:

Cummings, C.Y., Zoppi, G., Forbes, I., Colombara, D., Peter, L.M. and Marken, F., 2012. Rocking disc electro-deposition of CuIn alloys, selenisation, and pinhole effect minimisation in CISe solar absorber layers. Electrochimica Acta, 79, pp. 141-147.

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Official URL:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.095

Abstract

The co-electrodeposition of copper and indium from a pH 3 tartrate bath onto 4.8 cm × 2.5 cm Mo and MoSe 2 substrates is studied and conditions are optimised for CuIn alloy films. Selenisation at ca. 500 °C for 30 min in selenium vapour gives CuInSe 2 (or CISe). Mapping using the photo-electrochemical reduction of Eu(NO 3) 3 is used to asses the relative photoactivity as a function of position and surface treatment. Etching of detrimental Cu x Se phases is investigated with 5% and 0.5% (w/w) aqueous KCN. The slower 0.5% (w/w) KCN etch allows better process control, and re-annealing at 500 °C for 30 min followed by further etching significantly improved the photo-activity. However, over the large area local pinhole recombination effects are substantial. An alternative low temperature film optimisation method is proposed based on (i) KCN over-etch, (ii) hypochlorite (5%, w/w) pinhole removal (Mo etch), and (iii) a final KCN etch to give good and more uniform activity.

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