Ionospheric electron concentration imaging using GPS over the USA during the storm of July 2000

Reference:

Yin, P., Mitchell, C. N., Spencer, P. S. J. and Foster, J. C., 2004. Ionospheric electron concentration imaging using GPS over the USA during the storm of July 2000. Geophysical Research Letters, 31 (12).

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Abstract

A new technique for ionospheric imaging is demonstrated during a severe geomagnetic storm of 15th July 2000. The three-dimensional time-dependent imaging algorithm is applied to multi-directional ground-based GPS data and yields spatial maps of electron concentration. This technique is demonstrated by showing a series of images of the mid-latitude ionosphere over the USA during the storm of July 2000. A strong uplift in the height of the F-layer is observed after 20 UT on 15th July, followed by a severe latitudinal electron concentration gradient. Independent verification of the images is provided by the ionosondes and incoherent scatter radar data. The GPS images reveal the large-scale dynamics of the ionosphere during the disturbed conditions and show the potential of geophysical imaging for storm-time ionospheric studies.

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